Blockchains anchor each transaction in a cryptographically linked, sequential ledger. The ledger is replicated across a decentralized network, ensuring transparency and redundancy. Once a transaction is mined into a block, its history is immutable and verifiable. Any attempt to double…

Blockchain nodes maintain a shared ledger, validate transactions and blocks, and propagate updates. Full nodes verify all data, light nodes delegate verification, and archival nodes store complete history for queries and recovery. Consensus coordinates proposals, votes, and finalization, while blocks…